局部情感态度题
在我国的考研英语阅读理解试卷中局部情感态度题极为罕见。在2003年和2004年连续两年各考了2题，但是此前并没有这样的题型，而且在2005的试卷中也没有考到。这个不能说明这样的题型不重要，相反只能说明局部情感态度题是非常重要的，而且根据往年的得分统计来看，该题型得分非常低。究其原因是什么？我们先来研究这个几个题目，最后再回答这个问题。
一、局部情感态度题与全文情感态度题的区别
两者其实虽然都是情感态度题，但是在本质上他们没有什么共同之处，在全文情感态度题里所有不可能成为正确答案的选项在这里都可以成为正确答案。而且他们的解题方法没有任何共同之处。他们唯一的共同点就是都是情感态度题。
二、局部情感态度题的解题步骤
（一）根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句；
（二）在出题句（或称得分句）中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子；
（三）比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项；
三、局部情感态度题历年真题解析
例1、In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.
Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes.
still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.
Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?（2003）
（A）Indifferent. （B） Supportive. （C） Indignant. （D）Apprehensive.
【解析】：
第一步：根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句；根据该题的题干，我们可以依据many captive shippers找到本题目的出题句（得分句）为最后一段的第一句话。
第二步：在出题句（或称得分句）中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子；在最后一段的第一句中我们找到了worry这个单词；
第三步：比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项；发现D不仅有理解的意思，还有忧虑的意思，因此本题选D;
例2、It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U. S. spent $12. 7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”， so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and
remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.
I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
58.The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of .（2003）
（A） strong disapproval （B） reserved consent （C） slight contempt （D） enthusiastic support
【解析】：
第一步：根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句；根据该题的题干，我们可以依据Richard Lamm's remark找到本题目的出题句（得分句）为第三段的最后一句话，但是这句话里并没有作者的情感态度，只有Richard
Lamm的看法，因此本句不是出题句（得分句），但是可以肯定的是出题句就是该句附近。我们发现在第四段第一句话说I would not go that far.这里的I就是指作者，that是指Richard Lamm的看法，所以本句才是真正的出题句；
第二步：在出题句（或称得分句）中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子；这个句子中没有一个单词是有感情色彩的，但是作为一个整体又是有感情色彩的，意思是作者不会和Richard Lamm走一样远的。不会走一样远并不是说不走，只是说没有走的那么远，所以作者对于Richard Lamm的看法是局部的同意和支持的；
第三步：比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项；因此本题应该选择B。
